Anemia is a serious health concern in Pakistan, with alarmingly high rates among women and children.
According to the 2018 National Nutrition Survey, 43% of women of reproductive age and 53.7% of children aged 6 to 59 months in Pakistan are anemic. Additionally, the prevalence of anemia is significantly higher in rural women (47%) compared to urban women (26%).
But what is anemia? Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen throughout the body. If your body cells are unable to transport oxygen effectively, a shortage of this element occurs, leading to various symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, fatigue, and more.
The good news? Many forms of anemia can be improved through nutrition and iron-rich supplements. That is why some of the best supplements in Pakistan include essential nutrients like iron, folate, and B12. For example, Activit includes iron as ferrous bisglycinate, combined with liposomal vitamin C to enhance absorption, helping support energy levels and nutrient transport throughout the body.
Anemia Symptoms
The symptoms of anemia may range from severe to mild. Mild and asymptomatic cases can easily go unrecognized. Early signs of developing anemia include headache, irritability, constipation, loss of appetite, and difficulty concentrating.
Individuals with established anemia may experience weakness, fatigue, depression, dizziness, coldness of extremities, pale lips, brittle nails, pale eyelids, and cessation of menstruation in women. Anemia can also cause fatigue, which results in a loss of libido in both men and women.
To support energy levels and manage symptoms associated with anemia and general fatigue, balanced nutrition is essential. Several multivitamin tablets in Pakistan provide nutrients like iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid that may help in supporting red blood cell production and overall health.
For those looking for a reliable multivitamin, Activit is one of the best supplements in Pakistan, formulated with these essential nutrients to support your overall health.
Types of Anemia
1. Iron Deficiency Anemia
Iron deficiency is the most common cause of all anemias, affecting 50% of cases.
RBCs have a lifespan of 90 to 120 days and are essential for oxygenating the body. Iron is crucial for producing hemoglobin, the component of RBCs responsible for carrying and transporting oxygen to body cells. When iron levels are insufficient, RBCs are compromised and may result in iron deficiency anemia.
There may be several reasons for iron deficiency anemia, including:
1. Inadequate iron intake or absorption from diet.
2. Severe blood loss, such as during an accident.
3. Hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, or cancer can cause menorrhagia in women (heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding).
4. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) used by women for contraception can cause mild to heavy bleeding, leading to anemia.
5. Irritation in the digestive tract and successive blood loss due to anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen can increase the risk of developing anemia.
6. Excessive aspirin usage, particularly among older adults, can lead to internal bleeding.
To maintain healthy iron levels and support blood health, using one of the best iron supplements in Pakistan, like Activit, can help manage iron levels effectively.
2. Sickle Cell Anemia
Although exact figures are limited due to a lack of recent studies, it is estimated that around 1 to 2% of the Pakistani population carries the sickle cell gene. In sickle cell anemia, RBCs become brittle and crescent-shaped, clogging blood vessels and leading to painful episodes. Clogged RBCs also cause painful swelling of hands and feet, fever, fatigue, and pneumonia-like symptoms.
3. Pernicious Anemia
Pernicious anemia is a severe type of anemia resulting from vitamin B12 deficiency. It is primarily caused by autoimmune disease and genetic factors. In this condition, individuals cannot absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract; this malabsorption can cause pernicious anemia.
If B12 levels drop too far, this can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, indigestion, diarrhea, and anemia, ultimately resulting in neurological damage. This disorder can also be caused by Crohn's disease, gastric surgery, poor diet, gastrointestinal infections, and strict vegetarianism.
Anemia: Diagnosis and Treatment
Anemia Diagnosis
If anemia is suspected, a thorough investigation should be done to determine the underlying cause.
Physicians suggest a complete blood count (CBC) to count the number of RBCs and hemoglobin levels. Normal hemoglobin levels in adult men range between 14 and 18 grams per deciliter (g/dL); in women, they are 12 to 16 grams per deciliter (g/dL).
Healthcare providers may also perform an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or a test to determine the size and shape of RBCs if anemia persists even after consuming sufficient dietary iron. This way, they can detect and treat any hidden inflammation in the body.
Dietary Recommendations For Anemia
Iron-Rich Foods For Anemia
Plant-based sources of iron include:
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Fruits: Apples, bananas, plums, purple grapes, and apricots.
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Dried fruits: Raisins, prunes, figs, and dates.
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Vegetables: Broccoli, leafy greens (spinach, chard, and kale), turnip greens, peas, and parsley.
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Legumes: Beans (white and red), lentils, chickpeas, and peas.
Animal-based sources include:
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Red Meat: Beef, lamb, and liver.
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Poultry: Chicken and turkey.
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Seafood: Oysters, mussels, clams, shrimps, sardines, tuna, and salmon.
Foods to Limit With Iron Supplements
Certain foods can interfere with iron absorption and are best consumed separately from iron supplements. For example, spinach, Swiss chard, beans, almonds, cocoa, cashews, rhubarb soda, sorrel, kale, nuts, and beans contain oxalates and phytates, which can reduce iron uptake. Similarly, animal proteins such as casein, egg whites, whey, and soy proteins may also interfere with iron absorption. Food additives in ice cream, soft drinks, candy bars, and beer can further impact iron absorption.
Tip: Enjoy iron-rich plant foods as part of your regular diet, but take your iron supplement on an empty stomach or with vitamin C-rich foods for better absorption.
Iron Supplements For Iron Deficiency Treatment
In Pakistan, multivitamins with iron are often recommended for individuals with iron-deficiency anemia. However, before taking iron supplements, it is crucial to take a complete blood test to detect iron deficiency because excessive iron intake can be harmful.
Why does iron supplementation need caution? Excess iron can accumulate in the body and may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, consuming iron supplements in Pakistan without medical guidance can cause serious health effects, including damage to the liver, pancreas, and heart.
Multivitamin with Iron and Liposomal Vitamin C for Anemia Support – Activit
Activit, with its careful formulation, provides iron and enhances iron absorption. How? Activit contains iron as ferrous bisglycinate—a more bioavailable form that is gentler on the stomach and easier for the body to absorb. To further enhance its absorption, Activit also includes liposomal vitamin C, which supports the uptake of non-heme iron found in plant-based diets.
Research shows that vitamin C significantly supports iron absorption, especially from plant sources like beans and spinach, which can naturally inhibit iron absorption.
Lifestyle Changes to Manage Iron Deficiency
Managing iron deficiency is not just about what you eat— it is also about how you live. Several lifestyle habits impact your iron absorption.
First, while fiber-rich food adds bulk to stool, it can reduce iron absorption when consumed alongside iron supplements or an iron-rich diet. Therefore, it is good to avoid iron supplements in Pakistan or an iron-rich diet while consuming fiber.
Similarly, beverages, like coffee and tea, should also be avoided as they contain phenols and tannins, which interfere with iron absorption.
Smoking is another factor that can decrease the body’s ability to absorb iron from food. Therefore, it is important to avoid tobacco and minimize exposure to secondhand smoke to maintain optimal iron levels.
Additionally, avoid taking calcium, vitamin E, antacids, or zinc with iron supplements in Pakistan, as these nutrients can compete with iron for absorption. Also, it is wise to minimize your exposure to toxic metals, such as lead, which can disrupt iron metabolism.
Herbal Approaches to Anemia Management
A healthy diet with iron-rich food can help control, if not cure, anemia.
1. Nettle (Urtica dioica) is a nutritious plant rich in iron, chlorophyll, vitamin C, and other minerals. Herbalists commonly suggest it for treating iron deficiency anemia.
2. Additionally, alfalfa, bilberry, cherry, hawthorn berry, nettle, Oregon grape root, dandelion, mullein, red raspberry, goldenseal, shepherd’s purse, pau d’arco, and yellow dock are beneficial for anemia.
Precautions:
Goldenseal should not be consumed internally daily for more than a week. Also, Oregon grape root and goldenseal should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding, especially if you are allergic to ragweed.
Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, or diabetes, should only consume goldenseal under a doctor's supervision.
Important Considerations for Managing Iron Deficiency
The human body effectively recognizes and absorbs iron in heme form, which is naturally found in animal sources. Non-heme iron, mainly found in plant-based food, takes more time to be absorbed in the body.
Thus, the fastest way to restore iron in the body is by consuming meat (beef and poultry), seafood, and iron supplements in Pakistan. You can also consider a supplement like Activit, which contains iron in bioavailable ferrous bis-glycinate form along with vitamin C, a combination known for enhancing iron absorption.
Women ages 19 and 50 should get 18 milligrams (mg) of iron daily, while men ages 19 and above and women ages 51 and older need 8 mg daily.
Effective Ways to Address Anemia
To manage anemia effectively, address the underlying cause, ensure adequate nutrient intake, and attend regular checkups. Iron deficiency anemia should disappear once the underlying cause is corrected and iron supplements are taken.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is the primary cause of pernicious anemia. Healthcare providers measure serum B12 through blood cell count and the Schilling test to detect it. It can be treated by consuming vitamin B12 sublingually, taking injections, or using retention enemas.
While there is no cure for sickle cell anemia, some drugs can alleviate symptoms. For instance, a cancer drug, hydroxyurea (Droxia), is sometimes prescribed to those who are over the age of eighteen, suffering from sickle cell anemia, and experiencing three or more crises within one year.
Recommendations for Children
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), children under one year old should not be given cow’s milk. That is because cow’s milk does not provide enough iron, can interfere with iron absorption, and can potentially cause internal bleeding.
Many studies also found that the blood content of infants' stools increased fivefold when they consumed cow’s milk instead of infant formula milk, causing significant iron loss.
Frequently Asked Questions About Anemia
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What is the best treatment for anemia?
The best treatment for anemia depends on the cause. For example, if you have iron deficiency anemia, you should take an iron-rich diet along with folic acid and iron supplements in Pakistan. In some cases, vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements are also recommended. However, you should always consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Which food is rich in iron?
The foods rich in iron include:
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High Iron Foods: Beans, rice bran, dried peaches, prune juice, lentils, mustard greens, liver (from organically raised animals), blackstrap molasses, and raw beet greens are among foods containing over 5 mg of iron per average serving.
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Moderately High-Iron Food: Dates, lean meat (lamb, veal), chili, cooked spinach, cooked beet greens, peas, and cooked dried apricots contain moderately high iron content, ranging from 3 to 5 mg.
To maximize iron absorption, eat fish along with vegetables containing iron content and include vitamin C-rich food in your diet to increase iron absorption.
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Can anemia cause hair loss?
Yes, severe iron deficiency anemia can cause hair loss because iron is essential for hair growth, and low levels can affect hair follicles. Iron deficiency can also lead to hair thinning. However, with the right treatment, you can reverse both iron deficiency anemia and hair loss.
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Can anemia affect vision?
Yes. Hemoglobin carries oxygen to all body parts, including the eyes. When it is low due to anemia, oxygen supply to the eyes can decrease, leading to blurred vision, dark circles, or eye fatigue.
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How does anemia affect pregnancy?
Anemia during pregnancy can increase the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and fatigue. The best iron and folic acid supplements in Pakistan are recommended to support the health of both mother and baby.
To Sum Up
With a holistic approach, anemia can be managed through proper diagnosis, addressing root causes, and following suitable dietary and medical treatments. A good focus on the specific type of anemia and tailored treatment is needed for effective management.
By implementing targeted therapies, patients can achieve significant improvements in their conditions. Additionally, regular checkups and tailored nutrition plans can significantly enhance the health and well-being of affected individuals.
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